@article {399,
	title = {Cryptic and Sibling Species among the Decapod Crustacea},
	journal = {Journal Of Crustacean Biology},
	volume = {6},
	number = {3},
	year = {1986},
	note = {Article.0278-0372English},
	pages = {356-363},
	abstract = {Cryptic species are those which are difficult to recognize using traditional systematic methods. Among the decapod Crustacea, there are probably many unrecognized complexes of cryptic species because of dependence on preserved material. Electrophoretic and mating studies have been very useful in determining whether individuals that differ in ecology, behavior, life history, or color can potentially interbreed. Color pattern of living specimens is a particularly useful character, since it is easy to assess and appears to differentiate morphologically similar species in a number of decapod groups. Examples include species of Uca and various symbionts of coral reef organisms (e.g., in the genera Trapezia and Alpheus and the subfamily Pontoniinae). Although nonmorphological characters cannot be scores in most museum specimens, statistical analysis of morphometric data first collected for individuals of known identity can subsequently be used to identify preserved material. Electrophoretic analyses such as those done for species complexs of Uca, Trapezia, and Alpheus, have also shown that cryptic species pairs may or may not be more closely related to each other than morphologically distinct congeners. For this reason the term "sibling" should be reversed for those species which have been shown to be very closely related using biochemical techniques. Various speciation patterns, including possible examples of host race speciation and speciation facilitated by sexual selection, occur within decapod species complexes.},
	keywords = {Anatomy and Histology, Animalia, animals, Arthropoda, Arthropods, Biochemical Methods/General [10050], Biophysics/General Biophysical Techniques [10504], Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Crustaceans, Ecology, Environmental Biology/Animal [07508], Evolution [01500], General and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102], General and Systematic Zoology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [63554], Integumentary System/Anatomy [18502], Invertebrata, Invertebrates, Malacostraca [75112], Malacostraca: Crustacea, Mathematical Biology and Statistical Methods [04500], Methods [16501], Physiology and Pathology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [64054], Reproductive System/General, uca trapezia alpheus systematics morphology mating studies color pattern speciation pattern electrophoresis statistics},
	author = {Knowlton, N.}
}
@article {379,
	title = {Evidence for three major clades within the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence data},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics \& Evolution},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Article.1055-7903English},
	month = {September},
	pages = {375-389},
	abstract = {The snapping shrimp genus Alpheus is among the most diverse of caridean shrimps, and analyses of taxa separated by the Isthmus of Panama have been used to estimate rates of molecular evolution. Although seven morphological groups have been informally suggested, no formal phylogenetic analysis of the genus has been previously attempted. Here we infer the phylogenetic relationships within Alpheus using sequence data from two nuclear genes, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and elongation factor-1alpha, and from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I. Three major clades corresponding to previously noted morphological features were identified. Discrepancies between earlier informal morphological groupings and molecular analyses largely consisted of species whose morphologies were not entirely typical of the group to which they had been assigned. The traditional placements of shrimp with highly sessile lifestyles and consequently simplified morphologies were also not supported by molecular analyses. Phylogenies for Alpheus suggest that specialized ecological requirements (e.g., symbiotic associations and estuarine habitats) and modified claw morphologies have evolved independently several times. These new analyses also support the sister species status of transisthmian pairs analyzed previously, although very similar pairs were not always resolved with the more slowly evolving nuclear loci. In addition, six new cryptic species were identified in the course of these studies plus a seventh whose status remains to be determined.},
	keywords = {Alpheus [snapping shrimp] (Malacostraca), Alpheus sp. (Malacostraca), Animalia, animals, Arthropoda, Arthropods, clades, claw: morphology, Coenzymes [10802], Comparative and Experimental Morphology, Crustaceans, Enzymes/General and Comparative Studies, Evolution [01500], Evolution and Adaptation, General and Systematic Zoology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [63554], General Biology/Taxonomy, Genetics and Cytogenetics/Animal [03506], Genetics and Cytogenetics/General [03502], glucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC 5.3.1.9], Invertebrata, Invertebrates, Malacostraca [75112], Malacostraca: Crustacea, mitochondrial gene: sequence data, molecular evolution: rates, Molecular Genetics (Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics), Nomenclature and Terminology [00504], nuclear gene: sequence data, phylogenetic relationships, Physiology and Pathology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [64054], Systematics and Taxonomy, Thunor (Malacostraca)},
	author = {Williams, S. T. and Knowlton, N. and Weigt, L. A. and Jara, J. A.}
}
