00382nas a2200109   4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000700214100001700221856003400238       1980                        eng d00aSexual Selection And Dimorphism In 2 Demes Of A Symbiotic, Pair-Bonding Snapping Shrimp0 aSexual Selection And Dimorphism In 2 Demes Of A Symbiotic PairBo  a161-1730 v341 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://A1980JL5860001500433nas a2200121   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001200212490000700224100001700231700001700248856004600265       1982                        eng d00aSymmetric fights as a measure of escalation potential in a symbiotic, territorial snapping shrimp0 aSymmetric fights as a measure of escalation potential in a symbi  a289-2920 v101 aKnowlton, N.1 aKeller, B.D.  uhttps://alpheidae.myspecies.info/node/24103036nas a2200409   4500008004100000245006000041210006000101300001200161490000600173520154100179653002601720653001301746653001201759653001501771653001501786653004001801653005401841653004401895653001601939653001201955653004101967653002202008653005002030653006402080653004102144653001702185653001802202653002502220653002802245653005702273653002002330653005802350653003202408653012302440100001702563856004602580       1986                        eng d00aCryptic and Sibling Species among the Decapod Crustacea0 aCryptic and Sibling Species among the Decapod Crustacea  a356-3630 v63 aCryptic species are those which are difficult to recognize using traditional systematic methods. Among the decapod Crustacea, there are probably many unrecognized complexes of cryptic species because of dependence on preserved material. Electrophoretic and mating studies have been very useful in determining whether individuals that differ in ecology, behavior, life history, or color can potentially interbreed. Color pattern of living specimens is a particularly useful character, since it is easy to assess and appears to differentiate morphologically similar species in a number of decapod groups. Examples include species of Uca and various symbionts of coral reef organisms (e.g., in the genera Trapezia and Alpheus and the subfamily Pontoniinae). Although nonmorphological characters cannot be scores in most museum specimens, statistical analysis of morphometric data first collected for individuals of known identity can subsequently be used to identify preserved material. Electrophoretic analyses such as those done for species complexs of Uca, Trapezia, and Alpheus, have also shown that cryptic species pairs may or may not be more closely related to each other than morphologically distinct congeners. For this reason the term "sibling" should be reversed for those species which have been shown to be very closely related using biochemical techniques. Various speciation patterns, including possible examples of host race speciation and speciation facilitated by sexual selection, occur within decapod species complexes.10aAnatomy and Histology10aAnimalia10aanimals10aArthropoda10aArthropods10aBiochemical Methods/General [10050]10aBiophysics/General Biophysical Techniques [10504]10aComparative and Experimental Morphology10aCrustaceans10aEcology10aEnvironmental Biology/Animal [07508]10aEvolution [01500]10aGeneral and Comparative/Gross Anatomy [11102]10aGeneral and Systematic Zoology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [63554]10aIntegumentary System/Anatomy [18502]10aInvertebrata10aInvertebrates10aMalacostraca [75112]10aMalacostraca: Crustacea10aMathematical Biology and Statistical Methods [04500]10aMethods [16501]10aPhysiology and Pathology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [64054]10aReproductive System/General10auca trapezia alpheus systematics morphology mating studies color pattern speciation pattern electrophoresis statistics1 aKnowlton, N.  uhttps://alpheidae.myspecies.info/node/22000543nas a2200157   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260002900212300001200241100001700253700001700270700001900287700001600306700001700322856004600339       1997                        eng d00aSpecies of marine invertebrates: a comparison of the biological and phylogenetic species concepts0 aSpecies of marine invertebrates a comparison of the biological a  aLondonbChapman and Hall  a199-2191 aKnowlton, N.1 aWeight, L.A.1 aClaridge, M.F.1 aDawah, H.A.1 aWilson, M.R.  uhttps://alpheidae.myspecies.info/node/16601246nas a2200181   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260001100217300001400228490000800242520068600250100001700936700001800953700002200971700001800993700001901011856003401030       1993                        eng d00aDivergence In Proteins, Mitochondrial-Dna, And Reproductive Compatibility Across The Isthmus Of Panama0 aDivergence In Proteins MitochondrialDna And Reproductive Compati  cJun 11  a1629-16320 v2603 aIt is widely believed that gene flow connected many shallow water populations of the Caribbean and eastern Pacific until the Panama seaway closed 3.0 to 3.5 million years ago. Measurements of biochemical and reproductive divergence for seven closely related, transisthmian pairs of snapping shrimps (Alpheus) indicate, however, that isolation was staggered rather than simultaneous. The four least divergent pairs provide the best estimate for rates of molecular divergence and speciation. Ecological, genetic, and geological data suggest that gene flow was disrupted for the remaining three pairs by environmental change several million years before the land barrier was complete.1 aKnowlton, N.1 aWeigt, L., A.1 aSolorzano, L., A.1 aMills, D., K.1 aBermingham, E.  u<Go to ISI>://A1993LG1760002300525nas a2200121   4500008004100000245019700041210006900238300000800307490000700315100001700322700001800339856004600357       1992                        eng d00aThe systematic importance of color and color pattern: evidence for complexes of sibling species of snapping shrimp (Caridea: Alpheidae: Alpheus) from the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama0 asystematic importance of color and color pattern evidence for co  a1-50 v181 aKnowlton, N.1 aMills, D., K.  uhttps://alpheidae.myspecies.info/node/18901703nas a2200145   4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260001000182300001400192490000800206520127400214100001701488700001801505856003401523       1998                        eng d00aNew dates and new rates for divergence across the Isthmus of Panama0 aNew dates and new rates for divergence across the Isthmus of Pan  cDec 7  a2257-22630 v2653 aSister species separated by the Isthmus of Panama have been widely used to estimate rates of molecular evolution. These estimates are based on the assumption that geographic isolation occurred nearly simultaneously for most taxa, when connections between the Caribbean and eastern Pacific closed approximately three million years ago. Here we show that this assumption is invalid for the only genus for which many taxa and multiple genetic markers have been analysed. Patterns of divergence exhibited by allozymes and the mitochondrial COI gene are highly concordant for 15 pairs of snapping shrimp in the genus Alpheus, indicating that they provide a reasonable basis for estimating time since cessation of gene flow The extent of genetic divergence between pairs of sister species varied over fourfold. Sister species from mangrove environments showed the least divergence, as would be expected if these were among the last habitats to be divided. Using this pair yields a rate of sequence divergence of 1.4% per one million years, with implied times of separation for the 15 pairs of 3-18 million years ago. Many past studies may have overestimated rates of molecular evolution because they sampled pairs that were separated well before final closure of the Isthmus.1 aKnowlton, N.1 aWeigt, L., A.  u<Go to ISI>://00007759760000300492nas a2200145   4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300001200217490000700229100002100236700001200257700001400269700001700283856004600300       2002                        eng d00aThe marine Indo-West Pacific break: contrasting the resolving power of mitochondrial and nuclear genes0 amarine IndoWest Pacific break contrasting the resolving power of  a941-9520 v421 aWilliams, S., T.1 aJara, J1 aGomez, E.1 aKnowlton, N.  uhttps://alpheidae.myspecies.info/node/12403512nas a2200553   4500008004100000245013600041210006900177260001400246300001200260490000700272520155200279653004501831653003101876653001301907653001201920653001501932653001501947653001101962653002101973653002201994653004402016653001602060653004402076653002202120653002902142653006402171653002902235653004502264653004602309653004702355653001702402653001802419653002502437653002802462653003802490653003102528653006302559653004102622653003202663653003102695653005802726653002902784653002602813100002102839700001702860700001802877700001702895856004602912       2001                        eng d00aEvidence for three major clades within the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequence data0 aEvidence for three major clades within the snapping shrimp genus  cSeptember  a375-3890 v203 aThe snapping shrimp genus Alpheus is among the most diverse of caridean shrimps, and analyses of taxa separated by the Isthmus of Panama have been used to estimate rates of molecular evolution. Although seven morphological groups have been informally suggested, no formal phylogenetic analysis of the genus has been previously attempted. Here we infer the phylogenetic relationships within Alpheus using sequence data from two nuclear genes, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and elongation factor-1alpha, and from the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I. Three major clades corresponding to previously noted morphological features were identified. Discrepancies between earlier informal morphological groupings and molecular analyses largely consisted of species whose morphologies were not entirely typical of the group to which they had been assigned. The traditional placements of shrimp with highly sessile lifestyles and consequently simplified morphologies were also not supported by molecular analyses. Phylogenies for Alpheus suggest that specialized ecological requirements (e.g., symbiotic associations and estuarine habitats) and modified claw morphologies have evolved independently several times. These new analyses also support the sister species status of transisthmian pairs analyzed previously, although very similar pairs were not always resolved with the more slowly evolving nuclear loci. In addition, six new cryptic species were identified in the course of these studies plus a seventh whose status remains to be determined.10aAlpheus [snapping shrimp] (Malacostraca)10aAlpheus sp. (Malacostraca)10aAnimalia10aanimals10aArthropoda10aArthropods10aclades10aclaw: morphology10aCoenzymes [10802]10aComparative and Experimental Morphology10aCrustaceans10aEnzymes/General and Comparative Studies10aEvolution [01500]10aEvolution and Adaptation10aGeneral and Systematic Zoology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [63554]10aGeneral Biology/Taxonomy10aGenetics and Cytogenetics/Animal [03506]10aGenetics and Cytogenetics/General [03502]10aglucose-6-phosphate isomerase [EC 5.3.1.9]10aInvertebrata10aInvertebrates10aMalacostraca [75112]10aMalacostraca: Crustacea10amitochondrial gene: sequence data10amolecular evolution: rates10aMolecular Genetics (Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics)10aNomenclature and Terminology [00504]10anuclear gene: sequence data10aphylogenetic relationships10aPhysiology and Pathology/Arthropoda-Crustacea [64054]10aSystematics and Taxonomy10aThunor (Malacostraca)1 aWilliams, S., T.1 aKnowlton, N.1 aWeigt, L., A.1 aJara, J., A.  uhttps://alpheidae.myspecies.info/node/12702256nas a2200145   4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260000800211300001400219490000700233520179800240100002102038700001702059856003402076       2001                        eng d00aMitochondrial pseudogenes are pervasive and often insidious in the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus0 aMitochondrial pseudogenes are pervasive and often insidious in t  cAug  a1484-14930 v183 aHere we show that multiple DNA sequences, similar to the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, occur within single individuals in at least 10 species of the snapping shrimp genus Alpheus. Cloning of amplified products revealed the presence of copies that differed in length and (more frequently) in base substitutions. Although multiple copies were amplified in individual shrimp from total genomic DNA (gDNA), only one sequence was amplified from cDNA. These results are best explained by the presence of nonfunctional duplications of a portion of the mtDNA, probably located in the nuclear genome, since transfer into the nuclear gene would render the COI gene nonfunctional due to differences in the nuclear and mitochondrial genetic codes. Analysis of codon variation suggests that there have been 21 independent transfer events in the 10 species examined. Within a single animal, differences between the sequences of these pseudogenes ranged from 0.2% to 20.6%, and those between the real mtDNA and pseudogene sequences ranged from 0.2% to 18.8% (uncorrected). The large number of integration events and the large range of divergences between pseudogenes and mtDNA sequences suggest that genetic material has be-on repeatedly transferred from the mtDNA to the nuclear genome of snapping shrimp. Unrecognized pseudogenes in phylogenetic or population studies may result in spurious results, although previous estimates of rates of molecular evolution based on Alpheus sister taxa separated by the Isthmus of Panama appear to remain valid. Especially worrisome for researchers are those pseudogenes that are not obviously recognizable as such. An effective solution may be to amplify transcribed copies of protein-coding mitochondrial genes from cDNA rather than using genomic DNA.1 aWilliams, S., T.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://00017027550000701571nas a2200145   4500008004100000245016700041210006900208300001000277490000900287520105100296100001401347700001301361700001701374856003401391       2007                        eng d00aRevision of the Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt) species complex (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific0 aRevision of the Alpheus nuttingi Schmitt species complex Crustac  a41-600 v15773 aThe Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt, 1924) species complex consists of three species. The only western Atlantic species, A. nuttingi, occurs from the southeastern United States to Brazil. The two eastern Pacific species are A. galapagensis Sivertsen, 1933 ( synonyms: A. canalis Kim & Abele, 1988; A. cryptodentatus Christoffersen & Ramos, 1988), which occurs from the Gulf of California to Colombia and Galapagos, and A. millsae, n. sp., presently known only from a few localities in Panama. The three species differ morphologically, genetically, and in color pattern. The two eastern Pacific species both can be found in the intertidal, but A. millsae, n. sp. occurs slightly deeper, suggesting the possibility of ecological speciation. All evidence shows that A. nuttingi and A. millsae, n. sp. are transisthmian sister species, with A. galapagensis forming their sister clade. Genetic differentiation between the transisthmian sister species suggests a divergence time of approximately 6 mya, well before the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama.1 aAnker, A.1 aHurt, C.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://00024927570000502798nas a2200145   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197300000900266490000900275520229000284100001402574700001302588700001702601856003402618       2007                        eng d00aThree transisthmian snapping shrimps (Crustacea : decapoda : alpheidae : Alpheus) associated with innkeeper worms (Echiura : Thalassematidae) in Panama0 aThree transisthmian snapping shrimps Crustacea decapoda alpheida  a1-230 v16263 aThe present study deals with three species of Alpheus, including two new species, living symbiotically in burrows of innkeeper worms ( Echiura: Thalassematidae) on the tropical coasts of the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Alpheus christofferseni n. sp. is described on the basis of four specimens from Atol das Rocas, northwestern Brazil, and one specimen from Bocas del Toro, Caribbean coast of Panama. All specimens of this species were collected with suction pumps from burrows on intertidal or shallow subtidal sandflats; the Panamanian specimen was collected together with its echiuran host, Ochetostoma cf. edax ( Fisher, 1946). Alpheus naos n. sp. is described on the basis of a single specimen found together with its host, Listriolobus sp., under large intertidal mud-covered rocks of Punta Culebra, Isla Naos, Pacific coast of Panama. Finally, two specimens of Alpheus aequus Kim & Abele, 1988 were collected together with their hosts, Ochetostoma edax, in the mixed rock-sand-mud intertidal of Coiba, Pacific coast of Panama. Remarkably, these three species are nearly identical in morphology and are also similar in color patterns. However, despite their morphological and ecological similarities, they are among the most genetically distinct of transisthmian alpheid geminate taxa examined to date. Genetic analyses suggest that A. aequus and A. naos n. sp. form an eastern Pacific clade whose sister taxon is the slightly more distantly related western Atlantic A. christofferseni n. sp. Estimated divergence times are similar to 10 mya for the two eastern Pacific species, and similar to 11-12 mya for the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific clades. Within Alpheus, A. christofferseni n. sp., A. aequus and A. naos n. sp. belong to the pantropical A. barbatus Coutiere, 1897 species complex ( A. barbatus clade), which also includes the eastern Atlantic A. ribeiroae Anker & Dworschak, 2004 and the Indo-West Pacific A. barbatus. The association of all three American species with thalassematid echiurans, as well as previous reports of associations between A. barbatus and echiurans in the western Pacific, suggest that this symbiosis is relatively ancient, having evolved in the ancestor of the A. barbatus clade ( at least 12 mya and probably earlier).1 aAnker, A.1 aHurt, C.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://00025060160000100495nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260001000231300001200241490000700253100001300260700001400273700001700287856004500304       2009                        eng d00aA multilocus test of simultaneous divergence across the isthmus of Panama using snapping shrimp in the genus Alpheus0 amultilocus test of simultaneous divergence across the isthmus of  cFeb 1  a514-5300 v631 aHurt, C.1 aAnker, A.1 aKnowlton, N.  uhttps://alpheidae.myspecies.info/node/1101530nas a2200133   4500008004100000245016700041210006900208300000900277520103200286100001401318700001301332700001701345856003401362       2009                        eng d00aDescription of cryptic taxa within the Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1878 and A. hebes Kim and Abele, 1988 species complexes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae)0 aDescription of cryptic taxa within the Alpheus bouvieri A MilneE  a1-233 aAlpheus bouvieri A. Milne-Edwards, 1878 and A. hebes Kim and Abele, 1988 are reviewed based on morphological and genetic data. Alpheus bouvieri, previously believed to be distributed in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic, is restricted to the Atlantic populations; the eastern Pacific populations (A. bouvieri sensu Kim and Abele 1988) are assigned to A. javieri n. sp. A second new species, A. agilis n. sp., closely related to the eastern Pacific A. hebes, is described based on recently collected specimens from the eastern Atlantic (Sao Tome, Cape Verde) and western Atlantic (Atol das Rocas off northeastern Brazil). The absence of A. agilis n. sp. (or any other representative of the A. hebes clade) in the Caribbean Sea is likely due to a relatively recent (similar to 1-2 my) extinction. Genetic data (COI sequences) indicates that A. bouvieri and A. javieri n. sp., and A. hebes and A. agilis n. sp. diverged approximately 6 and 7.5 mya, respectively, i.e., around 3 my before the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama.1 aAnker, A.1 aHurt, C.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://00026780330000101861nas a2200157   4500008004100000245016300041210006900204260000800273300001200281490000700293520132500300100001401625700001301639700001701652856003401669       2008                        eng d00aRevision of the Alpheus cristulifrons species complex (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Atlantic0 aRevision of the Alpheus cristulifrons species complex Crustacea   cMay  a543-5620 v883 aThe taxonomy of the snapping shrimp Alpheus cristulifrons Rathbun, 1900, previously reported from the eastern Pacific and western and eastern Atlantic, is reviewed based on molecular data (COI), morphology and colour patterns. Three species are recognized in the A. cristulifrons species complex. Alpheus cristulifrons sensu stricto is restricted to the western Atlantic, ranging from Florida and the Caribbean Sea to southern Brazil. The eastern Pacific A. cristulifrons sensu Kim & Abele, 1988 corresponds to A. utriensis Ramos & Von Prahl, 1989, ranging from the Gulf of California to Colombia; this species can be separated from A. cristulifrons by the absence of balaeniceps setae on the male minor chela and the presence of bands on the antennular and antennal flogella. The eastern Atlantic A. cristulifrons sensu Crosnier & Forest, 1966 is described as A. xanthocarpus sp. nov. based on recently collcctcd material from the island of Sao Tome in the Gulf Guinea; this species differs from A. cristulifrons by the posteriorly more extending rostral carina and the presence of conspicuous yellow spots on the carpus and chela of the second pereiopod. Molecular data suggest that A. utriensis is the eastern Pacific sister clade to the amphi-Atlntic clade that includes A. cristulifrons and A. xanthocarpus sp. nov.1 aAnker, A.1 aHurt, C.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://00025717980001400393nas a2200121   4500008004100000245002800041210002800069260005900097100001700156700001400173700001200187856007200199       2008                        eng d00aAlpheid Shrimp Database0 aAlpheid Shrimp Database  bSmithsonian Tropical Research InstitutecFebruary 20091 aKnowlton, N.1 aAnker, A.1 aJara, J  uhttp://biogeodb.stri.si.edu/bioinformatics/alpheus/HomeAlpheus.html01690nas a2200157   4500008004100000245015300041210006900194300001000263490000900273520115500282100001401437700001301451700001701464700001701481856003401498       2008                        eng d00aRevision of the Alpheus cylindricus Kingsley, 1878 species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae), with revalidation of A. vanderbilti Boone, 19300 aRevision of the Alpheus cylindricus Kingsley 1878 species comple  a53-680 v19433 aAlpheus cylindricus Kingsley, 1878, previously believed to be widely distributed in the tropical eastern Pacific and western and eastern Atlantic, is revised. Two species are recognized based on morphology, color pattern and genetics. Alpheus cylindricus is restricted to the tropical eastern Pacific, from the Gulf of California to the Galapagos. A neotype of A. cylindricus from the type locality, Las Perlas Islands, is designated. On the Pacific coast of Panama, this species commonly inhabits purple sponges growing among or under large intertidal rocks. Alpheus vanderbilti Boone, 1930 is formally resurrected from the synonymy of A. cylindricus; it occurs in the tropical western Atlantic, from Bermuda to Brazil, and in the tropical eastern Atlantic, around the islands of the Gulf of Guinea. In the Caribbean, A. vanderbilti is most often encountered in large loggerhead sponges, Spheciospongia vesparia (Lamarck, 1814), while in the Gulf of Guinea it inhabits sponge-lined tunnels in coral rocks. Complete synonymies and GenBank barcodes (COI) are provided. Phylogeography of the A. cylindricus complex is discussed based on molecular data.1 aAnker, A.1 aHurt, C.1 aJara, J., A.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://00026145400000401676nas a2200145   4500008004100000245019500041210006900236300000900305490000900314520112900323100001401452700001301466700001701479856003401496       2008                        eng d00aRevision of the Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850 complex, with redescription of A-formosus and description of a new species from the tropical western Atlantic (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae)0 aRevision of the Alpheus formosus Gibbes 1850 complex with redesc  a1-220 v17073 aThe Alpheus formosus Gibbes, 1850 complex is revised based on materials from the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic. Three species are recognized: Alpheus panamensis Kingsley, 1878 in the eastern Pacific, ranging from the Gulf of California to the Galapagos Archipelago; A. formosus Gibbes, 1850 (synonym: A. poeyi Guerin Meneville, 1857) in the western Atlantic, ranging from North Carolina and throughout the Caribbean to southern Brazil; and A. paraformosus n. sp., presently known only from the southwestern Caribbean (Panama) in the western Atlantic. Alpheus paraformosus n. sp. differs from A. formosus and A. panamensis by the distinctly shorter rostral furrows, the absence of balaeniceps setae on the fingers of the minor chela, and also several subtle but discrete features in the color pattern. Alpheus formosus is redescribed based on recently collected material. A female specimen from Florida Keys is designated as neotype of A. formosus. Morphology, color and genetics all suggest that A. formosus and A. panamensis are transisthmian sister species, with A. paraformosus n. sp. being their nearest relative.1 aAnker, A.1 aHurt, C.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://00025342380000101232nas a2200145   4500008004100000245015200041210006900193300001000262490000900272520072700281100001401008700001301022700001701035856003401052       2008                        eng d00aRevision of the Alpheus websteri Kingsley, 1880 species complex (Crustacea : Decapoda : Alpheidae), with revalidation of A. arenensis (Chace, 1937)0 aRevision of the Alpheus websteri Kingsley 1880 species complex C  a51-680 v16943 aThe Alpheus websteri Kingsley, 1880 species complex is revised. Alpheus websteri s. str. is redefined and restricted to the western Atlantic, ranging from the type locality in the Florida Keys to northeastern Brazil. The eastern Pacific A. arenensis (Chace, 1937), formerly a synonym of A. websteri, and the eastern Atlantic A. fagei Crosnier and Forest, 1966, are shown to be distinct from A. websteri morphologically, genetically and also by color pattern. Morphology, genetics and color patterns all suggest that A. websteri and A. arenensis are transisthmian sister species, with A. fagei being their closest relative. Complete synonymy, color photographs and GenBank barcodes (COI) are provided for all three species.1 aAnker, A.1 aHurt, C.1 aKnowlton, N.  u<Go to ISI>://000252777000003